Text -- Job 34:28-37 (NET)

34:28 so that they caused the cry of the poor to come before him, so that he hears the cry of the needy. 34:29 But if God is quiet, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, then who can see him? Yet he is over the individual and the nation alike, 34:30 so that the godless man should not rule, and not lay snares for the people.

Job Is Foolish to Rebel

34:31 “Has anyone said to God, ‘I have endured chastisement, but I will not act wrongly any more. 34:32 Teach me what I cannot see. If I have done evil, I will do so no more.’ 34:33 Is it your opinion that God should recompense it, because you reject this? But you must choose, and not I, so tell us what you know. 34:34 Men of understanding say to me– any wise man listening to me says– 34:35 that Job speaks without knowledge and his words are without understanding. 34:36 But Job will be tested to the end, because his answers are like those of wicked men. 34:37 For he adds transgression to his sin; in our midst he claps his hands, and multiplies his words against God.”

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Job 34:28

¹ tn The verse begins with the infinitive construct of בּוֹא (bo’, “go”), showing the result of their impious actions.

² tn The verb here is an imperfect; the clause is circumstantial to the preceding clause, showing either the result, or the concomitant action.

NET Notes: Job 34:29

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn The verb in this position is somewhat difficult, although it does make good sense in the sentence – it is just not what the parallelism would suggest. So several emendations have been put forward, for which see the commentaries.

³ tn The line simply reads “and over a nation and over a man together.” But it must be the qualification for the points being made in the previous lines, namely, that even if God hides himself so no one can see, yet he is still watching over them all (see H. H. Rowley, Job [NCBC], 222).

⁴ tn The word translated “alike” (Heb “together”) has bothered some interpreters. In the reading taken here it is acceptable. But others have emended it to gain a verb, such as “he visits” (Beer), “he watches over” (Duhm), “he is compassionate” (Kissane), etc. But it is sufficient to say “he is over.”

NET Notes: Job 34:30

¹ tn This last verse is difficult because it is unbalanced and cryptic. Some have joined the third line of v. 29 with this entire verse to make a couplet. But the same result is achieved by simply regarding this verse as the purpose of v. 29. But there still are some words that must be added. In the first colon, “[he is over the nations]…preventing from ruling.” And in the second colon, “laying” has to be supplied before “snares.”

NET Notes: Job 34:31

¹ tn The Hebrew text has only “I lift up” or “I bear” (= I endure). The reading “I have been led astray” is obtained by changing the vowels to read a passive. If the MT is retained, an object has to be supplied, such as “chastisement” (so RSV, NASB) or “punishment” (NRSV). If not, then a different reading would be followed (e.g., “I was misguided” [NAB]; “I am guilty” [NIV]).

NET Notes: Job 34:32

¹ tn Heb “what I do not see,” more specifically, “apart from [that which] I see.”

NET Notes: Job 34:33

¹ tn Heb “is it from with you,” an idiomatic expression meaning “to suit you” or “according to your judgment.”

² tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn There is no object on the verb, and the meaning is perhaps lost. The best guess is that Elihu is saying Job has rejected his teaching.

NET Notes: Job 34:35

¹ tn Adding “that” in the translation clarifies Elihu’s indirect citation of the wise individuals’ words.

² tn The Hiphil infinitive construct is here functioning as a substantive. The word means “prudence; understanding.”

NET Notes: Job 34:36

¹ tc The MT reads אָבִי (’avi, “my father”), which makes no sense. Some follow the KJV and emend the word to make a verb “I desire” or use the noun “my desire of it.” Others follow an Arabic word meaning “entreat, I pray” (cf. ESV, “Would that Job were tried”). The LXX and the Syriac versions have “but” and “surely” respectively. Since this is the only ms support, albeit weak, it may be the best choice. In this sense Elihu would be saying that because of Job’s attitude God will continue to test him.

NET Notes: Job 34:37

¹ tn Although frequently translated “rebellion,” the basic meaning of this Hebrew term is “transgression.”

² tc If this reading stands, it would mean that Job shows contempt, meaning that he mocks them and accuses God. It is a bold touch, but workable. Of the many suggested emendations, Dhorme alters some of the vowels and obtains a reading “and casts doubt among us,” and then takes “transgression” from the first colon for the complement. Some commentators simply delete the line.